HomeMy WebLinkAboutUse of ForceIdaho
Department
of Correction Standard
Operating
Procedure
Title:
Use of Force
1 of 31
109.001
Version:
2
Adopted:
07/01/2025
Chad Page, Chief of Institutions and Operations, approved this document and
it was published on 08/17/2026.
Open to the public: Yes No This document is referenced in a POST
lesson plan.
SCOPE
This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) applies to all staff of the Idaho
Department of Correction (IDOC).
Version Summary
Version 2: This version renumbers SOP 109.01.01.001 v1.0, Use of Force. It also
embeds and replaces POLICY 109 v1.0, Use of Force. It clarifies which staff must
attend de-escalation training, adds references to other relevant SOPs, and adds a
reference to separate administrative review form for the Division of Probation &
Parole.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Scope ....................................................................................................... 1
Table of Contents ........................................................................................ 1
A. Statutory Authority ................................................................................. 2
B. Board of Correction IDAPA Rule ................................................................. 2
C. Governing Policy statement ...................................................................... 2
D. Purpose ................................................................................................ 3
E. Responsibility ......................................................................................... 3
F. Definitions .............................................................................................. 3
G. Standard Procedures ............................................................................... 7
1. General Statement .............................................................................. 7
2. Using Force ....................................................................................... 7
3. Limitations on Use of Force .................................................................. 8
4. De-Escalation ..................................................................................... 9
5. Categories of Force ............................................................................. 9
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6. Use of Physical Restraints .................................................................. 11
7. Foot Pursuits .................................................................................... 11
8. Vehicle Pursuits ................................................................................ 11
9. Less-Lethal Devices .......................................................................... 12
10. Use of Department Issued Firearms ................................................... 13
11. Use of Force Equipment ................................................................... 14
12. Lethal Force Incident/Officer Involved Shooting (OIS) Protocol ............... 14
13. Duty to Intervene ........................................................................... 18
14. Reporting Use of Force Incidents ....................................................... 19
15. Supervisor Administrative Review of Use of Force Incidents ................... 20
16. Force Review Board ......................................................................... 20
17. Use of Force Requirements for Probation and Parole ............................. 21
18. Use of Force Requirements for Prisons ................................................ 22
H. References .......................................................................................... 30
A. STATUTORY AUTHORITY
1. Idaho Code § 20-209C, Authority to Designate Employees as Peace Officers
2. Idaho Code § 20-217A, Appointment of Director – Salary – Powers and Duties
3. Idaho Code § 20-219, Probation and Parole Supervision and Training – Limited
Supervision - Rulemaking
4. Idaho Code §20-244, Government and Discipline of the Correctional Facility –
Rules and Regulations
B. BOARD OF CORRECTION IDAPA RULE
None
C. GOVERNING POLICY STATEMENT
1. The Idaho Department of Correction (IDOC) intends to maintain a safe and
peaceable environment for all individuals under its jurisdiction. In circumstances
where using force is necessary, it must be used ethically and in the minimum
amount necessary to address the circumstances.
2. It is the policy of the Idaho Department of Correction (IDOC) that in all aspects
of their conduct, all staff and contractors will act with the greatest regard for
the preservation of human life and the safety of all persons involved.
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3. All staff and contractors must only use force when necessary to control the
individuals under their jurisdiction to ensure the safety and security of
department facilities and the general public.
4. All individuals under IDOC jurisdiction must receive fair, humane treatment and
must not be subjected to avoidable injury.
5. If force becomes necessary, the least amount of force required to achieve order
must be used.
6. Corporal punishment is prohibited.
D. PURPOSE
The purpose of this SOP is to provide guidance for use of force (UOF) incidents and
reporting requirements for UOF incidents.
E. RESPONSIBILITY
1. Chiefs and Deputy Chiefs of Probation and Parole, Prisons, and SIU
Chief Investigator
The Chiefs of Probation & Parole and Prisons and the Special Investigations Unit
(SIU) Chief Investigator (or designee) are responsible for monitoring their
district/facility/unit’s compliance with this SOP. They are also responsible for
implementing this SOP, providing training, and ensuring staff utilize the
guidelines, standards, and procedures provided herein.
2. District Managers, Facility Heads, and Supervisors
District managers, facility heads, and supervisors are responsible for
implementing this SOP and for ensuring staff comply with the guidelines,
standards, and procedures provided herein. All managers, facility heads, and
supervisors are required to review this SOP annually and participate in all UOF
training offered in the district, facility, or unit.
3. Staff
Staff will comply with the guidelines, standards, and procedures provided
herein. Armed staff will be required to review this SOP annually and participate
in any UOF training offered in the district, facility, or unit.
F. DEFINITIONS
1. Active Resistance: Any resistance that poses a threat or risk of harm to the
staff member or others, such as when a person attempts to attack a staff
member, exhibits combative behavior (e.g. lunging toward another person,
striking another person with hands or fists, kicking, or possessing any
instrument that could be used as a weapon such as a knife or stick), or
attempts to leave the scene, flee, or pull away from the staff member’s grasp.
Verbal statements alone do not constitute active resistance.
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2. Client: A person who has been convicted of a crime against the laws of the
state and is on probation supervision as ordered by the court or parole
supervision as ordered by the Commission of Pardons and Parole. The term
client includes any use in Idaho law, Board of Correction rule, or IDOC policy or
procedure of the terms “offender(s),” or any other term referring to a person on
probation or parole supervision by the Board of Correction.
3. Control Strikes: Impact-oriented techniques used to subdue or gain control of
a subject. Control strikes involve intentional staff contact on or with the body of
another person, including palm strikes, knee strikes, elbow strikes, punches,
kicks, and contact with pressure points such as the common peroneal nerve
(side of the leg), radial nerve (top of the forearm), or brachial plexus origin
(side of the neck).
4. Core Leadership Team: Consists of the IDOC director, deputy director(s),
division chiefs, and human resource officer.
5. Corporal Punishment: Any measure intended to be injurious to a person. More
specifically, it is a use of force on a person for the purpose of inflicting pain or
discomfort, the improper use of any type of chemical substance, or violence of
any kind to cause physical harm that is not done in response to a perceived or
actual threat of harm to staff or others.
6. De-escalation: A decrease in the severity of force used in an incident in direct
response to a decrease in the level of resistance. De-escalation is also a tactic
designed to place staff members in a position of advantage when dealing with
irrational, unpredictable, or suicidal persons. De-escalation helps staff bring
chaotic moments to as peaceful a resolution as the person will afford. Examples
of de-escalation include, but are not limited to, speaking in a lower voice,
listening to concerns, demonstrating empathy, and when appropriate, creating
space between the staff member and the person, or even allowing the person to
safely be left alone for a period of time to collect themselves and their
thoughts.
7. Electronic Control Weapon (ECW): A device that when implemented properly
comes into contact with a person and uses electricity to impair voluntary motor
responses and causes discomfort to assist with gaining compliance and
overcoming resistance. An ECW may aid in the capture, control, and constraint
of a person.
8. Exigent Circumstances: Circumstances that would cause a reasonable officer
on the scene to believe that a particular action is necessary to prevent physical
harm to themself or another person(s), the destruction of relevant evidence,
the escape of a suspect, or some other consequence improperly frustrating
legitimate law enforcement efforts.
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9. Force: Any physical strike to or contact with a person, including contact or
attempted contact with an instrument or implement, where the contact or
attempted contact is intended to restrict the movement of, control the action of,
or overcome the resistance of the person. This includes discharging a firearm,
pointing or aiming a firearm at or near a person, use of chemical spray or an
ECW upon or towards a person, exercising physical control over a person,
taking a person to the ground, or deploying a canine on or towards a person.
Force does not include escorting or handcuffing a person who offers no
resistance to such conduct.
10. Great Bodily Harm/Serious Physical Injury: Significant or substantial
bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death, causes permanent
disfigurement, or results in long-term impairment of the function of any bodily
member or organ. These terms are used interchangeably in this SOP.
11. Impact Weapon: A less-lethal weapon used to control a subject’s actions, to
defend against an attack, or to deliver a stunning blow. Impact weapons include
batons and specialty munitions such as beanbag rounds.
12. Less-Lethal Force: Any UOF other than that which is considered lethal force.
Less-lethal force involves physical effort to control, restrain, or overcome the
resistance of another.
13. Less-Lethal Munitions: Less-lethal munitions are designed and primarily
employed to incapacitate subjects in order to gain control of the
person/situation. Examples include, but are not limited to, tasers, OC, blunt
force projectiles, flash bangs, stingers, etc. Staff should only use IDOC
approved less-lethal munitions.
14. Lethal Force: Any UOF that can reasonably be expected to cause death or
serious physical injury to another person.
15. Non-secure Perimeter: A perimeter without armed patrols or armed towers.
Of note, Pocatello Women’s Correctional Center (PWCC) does have a non-secure
perimeter, but it is considered a secure facility.
16. Passive Resistance: Refusal to follow a lawful directive without using violent
or aggressive methods. Example: Staff member requests that a person turn
around to be handcuffed, but the person remains in a sitting, standing, or limp
position, and fails to follow the direction of the staff member.
17. Physical Control: The use of physical strength and skilled defensive tactics to
control a person who is resisting being taken into custody or resisting being
transported from one place to another and offers some degree of physical
resistance. Such techniques are not impact-oriented and include use of pain
compliance pressure points, takedowns and joint locks, touching a person, and
escort holds.
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18. Physical Restraints: Physical restraints are utilized to limit a person’s
movement. Physical restraints include handcuffs, belly-chains, shackles, and the
Wrap restraint system.
19. Planned Use of Force: A planned UOF occurs when staff members have time
to prepare a planned-out course of action to respond to a known situation.
20. Positional Asphyxia: Positional asphyxia occurs when a person is placed in a
posture that prevents or impedes normal breathing. Examples of how positional
asphyxia can occur include, but are not limited to: a) when person is lying
prone, face down with arms restrained behind their back (the weight of a staff
member’s leg or other body part that is holding the person down can rapidly
increase the severity of the situation); b) when a person is put in a position that
blocks their nose and mouth; c) when a person is put in a position that
prevents the person’s chest from expanding. If a person is restrained in any
such manner and is not released from the position, death may occur very
rapidly.
21. Reactive Use of Force: A reactive UOF occurs when staff must rapidly
respond to a quickly evolving situation where time does not permit staff to
disengage from the situation without an undue risk to the safety of staff,
residents, or the facility.
22. Resident: A person who has been convicted of a crime against the laws of the
state and ordered into the care and custody of the Board of Correction.
Resident includes any use in Idaho law, Board of Correction rule, or IDOC policy
or procedure of the terms “offender(s),” “prisoner(s),” “inmate(s),”
“incarcerated person(s)” or any other term referring to a person residing in a
correctional facility in the care and custody of the Board of Correction.
23. Secure Perimeter: A perimeter consisting of two perimeter fences (both with
razor wire attached) and an armed patrol or armed towers. Of note, Pocatello
Women’s Correctional Center (PWCC) does have a non-secure perimeter, but it
is considered a secure facility.
24. Serious Incident Review (SIR): Reviews conducted by a designated group
of individuals when serious uses of force occur.
25. Serious Use of Force: Any action that involves:
a. An intentional use of lethal force, including all firearm discharges aimed at or
near a person or property, or use of instruments that could result in death or
great bodily harm.
b. A UOF that causes serious physical injury or requires emergency medical
treatment (beyond first aid), or hospital admission.
c. Use of ECW against a person.
d. Use of chemical agents against a restrained person.
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26. Unresisted (Cooperative) Handcuffing: When a person complies with the
staff member’s verbal commands to permit application of handcuffs and/or
willingly allows the staff member to position their arms in order to apply
handcuffs.
27. Weapon: Any instrument, article, or substance, including a vehicle, which,
under the circumstances in which it is used, attempted to be used, or
threatened to be used, is readily capable of causing death or other serious
physical injury.
G. STANDARD PROCEDURES
1. General Statement
a. IDOC’s priority is to preserve human life and ensure the safety and wellbeing
of all persons, including staff, contractors, members of the public, and those
under IDOC’s jurisdiction. IDOC authorizes staff to use force only as a last
alternative, after all other reasonable efforts have failed to resolve the
situation, or when the urgency of the situation does not allow other non-
force alternatives.
b. When it becomes necessary to use force, staff must use only the amount of
force reasonable and necessary to accomplish their lawful objectives.
Instances where force may be necessary include, but are not limited to,
efforts to control a situation, effect an arrest or detention, overcome
resistance to arrest or detention, prevent a resident from escaping, defend
themselves or others from harm, or complete their lawful duties.
c. The authority to use force carries with it the need for accountability to
safeguard the rights of persons under IDOC’s jurisdiction, as well as the
public, and to preserve the integrity of the Department. IDOC is committed
to documenting, reviewing, and investigating (when indicated) all UOF
incidents. As such, it is IDOC’s policy that all staff must report all UOF
incidents in a timely, complete, and accurate manner.
d. No part of this SOP is intended to require staff to unreasonably endanger
themselves or others.
2. Using Force
a. All UOF must be objectively reasonable based upon the totality of the
circumstances as perceived by the staff at the time of the incident. Any
interpretation of reasonableness must allow for the fact that staff are often
forced to make split-second decisions in circumstances that are tense,
uncertain, and rapidly evolving.
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b. Any acts that are not in accordance with this SOP including, but not limited
to, excessive force, corporal punishment, provoking a resident/client so that
force may appear justified, harassment, or the use of chemicals or electronic
devices when a resident/client is restrained or controlled are prohibited.
Such behavior is subject to disciplinary action in accordance with SOP
205.07.01.001, Corrective and Disciplinary Action, and may also be subject
to prosecution.
c. If it appears that the force used by a staff member(s) may have been
excessive or unauthorized, supervisory or administrative staff will take
appropriate action to address the UOF, which may include, but is not limited
to, seeking a review by the Force Review Board, requesting a Serious
Incident Review (SIR) (see SOP 125.001, Serious Incident Reviews), and/or
pursuing corrective or disciplinary action if warranted.
d. Unresisted handcuffing and routine escorts are not considered a UOF.
3. Limitations on Use of Force
a. A UOF must be objectively reasonable based upon the totality of the
circumstances known or perceived by the staff at the time of the incident.
b. The degree of force employed should be in direct relationship to the amount
of resistance exerted, or the immediate threat to staff or others.
c. Each time force is used, the need for continued UOF must be reassessed.
Staff must be able to articulate the need to use additional or continuing
force.
d. Corporal punishment is expressly forbidden and will be cause for disciplinary
action. Any act of corporal punishment is to be reported immediately to a
supervisor.
e. Maintaining a position that causes positional asphyxia for an extended period
of time is strictly prohibited. While residents or clients may be placed in a
prone position, once compliance is gained, staff must move them to an
upright position.
f. Lethal force will be utilized only as a last resort to prevent escape from a
secure facility, serious physical injury, or death to staff or others.
g. Verbal commands should be given before any UOF, including lethal force,
unless doing so is unreasonable given the circumstances.
h. Staff must never fire any warning shot.
i. Intentionally firing shots at a moving vehicle is prohibited unless there is
imminent danger of death or serious physical injury to staff or other
person(s) and there are no other means available to avert or eliminate the
threat. Firearms may not be fired solely for the purpose of disabling a
moving vehicle.
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4. De-Escalation
a. When feasible, every effort should be made to resolve a situation by using
verbal de-escalation techniques before using force. However, not every
situation will allow the time for verbal de-escalation.
b. At least once every two years, uniformed security staff must attend formal
training that focuses on and incorporates verbal de-escalation techniques.
IDOC must present training often enough for staff to meet this requirement.
5. Categories of Force
Force categories are not to be confused with a Use of Force continuum. These
categories are used for reporting and documentation purposes only.
a. Category 1
i. Category 1 UOF includes:
1) Applying physical control techniques without using a weapon. For
example, using joint manipulation to intentionally cause pain in order
to gain compliance.
2) Applying physical control techniques to a vulnerable area but not
including strikes. For example, using pressure points to intentionally
cause pain in order to gain compliance.
3) Note: A staff member’s use of physical direction alone is not a UOF.
For example, placing someone on or directing someone to a wall to
apply restraints when the person is compliant does not constitute a
UOF.
ii. Category 1 uses of force must be reported to the immediate supervisor as
soon as is possible at their earliest convenience, but no later than the
end of the working day or shift in which the UOF occurred. Such report
must be submitted on a Use of Force Report and reviewed by the
supervisor.
b. Category 2
i. Category 2 UOF includes:
1) Applying a chemical agent upon or near a subject.
2) Using an ECW upon or near a subject.
3) Intentionally pointing a firearm at a subject but not firing.
4) Using an impact weapon, including specialty impact munitions, or any
other instrument in an attempt to strike a subject, whether or not
contact is made.
5) Using an impact weapon for a non-striking purpose. For example,
prying limbs, moving, or controlling a subject.
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6) Using physical control strikes but excluding strikes to the head. Such
techniques include:
a) Hand/palm/elbow strikes
b) Kicks, or knee strikes
c) Leg sweeps
d) Takedowns
7) Discharging a firearm at an animal while on-duty.
8) Striking a subject upon the head but excluding intentional use of an
impact weapon.
9) Engaging in a use of force which results in injuries to a subject
requiring emergency medical treatment (beyond first aid) or hospital
admission.
Note: For the purposes of this SOP, an evaluation by a medical
professional to assess a complaint of injury is not emergency medical
treatment.
ii. Category 2 uses of force must be reported to the immediate supervisor as
soon as possible and in any event no later than the end of the involved
staff member’s shift. The report must be submitted in a Use of Force
Report, which will be reviewed by the facility head or district manager
and by the division deputy chief.
c. Category 3
i. Category 3 UOF includes:
1) Any use of force that results in death.
2) Any use of force involving a firearm discharge, regardless of injury.
3) Any use of force that creates a substantial risk of causing death.
4) Any use of force that results in serious physical injury as identified in
the definition section of this SOP.
5) Any use of force involving an intentional impact weapon strike to the
head.
ii. Category 3 uses of force must be reported to the immediate supervisor
immediately (as soon as possible given the circumstances) and in any
event no later than the end of the involved staff member’s shift. The
report must be submitted in a Use of Force Report, which will be
reviewed by the facility head or district manager and by the division
deputy chief. Category 3 uses of force will also be reviewed by the Force
Review Board.
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6. Use of Physical Restraints
a. The proper application of physical restraints can help reduce the risk of
injury. They must only be used until the need for their use no longer exists.
Physical restraints will be used for the following reasons:
i. When a person is taken into custody
ii. When it is necessary to prevent injury to the individual, staff, or the public
iii. To prevent escape
iv. To prevent serious property damage
v. For routine movement or transportation
b. Pregnant Residents
When it is necessary to restrain a pregnant person, staff must take every
precaution to ensure the fetus is not harmed. Pregnant persons should be
handcuffed in the front. During the third trimester (weeks 28-40) of
pregnancy, residents shall be transported without restrains unless an
articulable security risk requires use of handcuffs. Except in extraordinary
circumstances, IDOC does not authorize use of restraints of any kind during
labor and delivery. Use of restraints during labor and delivery requires
approval by a chief or their designee.
Pregnant clients who are arrested in the community must be handcuffed in
the front.
c. The WRAP Restraint System
Only certified WRAP instructors can train IDOC staff on the use of the WRAP
Restraint System and cannot deviate from that training in any way. Staff
must participate in a WRAP-specific training before using it and must adhere
to the manufacturer’s instructions and training, with no variations.
7. Foot Pursuits
Foot pursuits are inherently dangerous for staff, the resident or client being
pursued, and members of the public. Staff must use their best judgment when
deciding to conduct foot pursuits. At a minimum, staff must consider the totality
of the circumstances, including the person’s criminal history, the reason for the
arrest, and the threat to the safety of staff and others. If the decision is made
to pursue, staff must continually assess their surroundings and consider officer
and public safety concerns. Staff must not conduct foot pursuits when alone.
8. Vehicle Pursuits
a. “High-speed” vehicle pursuits (i.e. attempting to follow a vehicle that is using
high speed or other evasive tactics such as driving off a highway) is
prohibited, unless performed in cooperation with an outside law-enforcement
agency and in a vehicle with emergency lights and siren.
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b. Simply following a vehicle while obeying traffic regulations is not considered
a vehicle pursuit.
9. Less-Lethal Devices
Staff may use less-lethal devices that they are certified to use and that have
been issued by the Department. Staff using less-lethal force must stop using
the force once it is no longer needed to gain compliance.
If the less-lethal device does not gain compliance after deployment, the staff
member should use another tactic.
a. Types of Less-Lethal Devices
i. Chemical Agents and Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray
1) Chemical agents and OC spray may only be issued to and used by a
staff member specifically trained in their use.
2) Chemical agents and OC spray must not be deployed when compliance
or submission has been gained.
3) Staff issued and trained in the use of OC spray are authorized to use it
in a reactive use of force action if needed.
4) The supervisor may authorize the use of chemical agents and/or OC
spray in a planned use of force action when the circumstances dictate
the need for such agents.
5) For chemical agent or OC spray usage in a facility, if time permits,
medical staff must be consulted to determine if the resident(s)
involved has any condition that might seriously be aggravated if a
chemical agent or OC spray is used.
6) OC spray must not be used on residents/clients who have been placed
in restraints, unless the staff member can clearly articulate specific
facts that indicate the subject posed a risk to harm himself, the staff
member, or others, and that the use of the OC spray was necessary
for safety.
7) Staff members, residents/clients, or others affected by a chemical
agent or OC spray must be decontaminated as soon as possible,
appropriate, and safe. Use the following steps for decontamination:
a) Apply copious amounts of low-pressure cool water.
b) As soon as possible, remove all exposed clothing (clean clothing
must be made available).
c) Immediately after exposure, and when it is safe to do so, medical
personnel must examine and treat the subject for any injury or
side effects and then document the medical check in an
Information Report. In the community, this may occur at a
hospital, jail, or by EMS.
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d) Within one hour of exposure, if practical, those contaminated must
be allowed to shower.
ii. Electronic Control Weapon (ECW)
Only trained staff may be issued and use an ECW. Such a device may
only be used when circumstances dictate the need. Staff must be able to
articulate the facts and circumstances that necessitated ECW use. When
using an ECW, the manufacturer’s instructions must be followed.
iii. Impact Weapons - Batons
Only trained and certified staff may be issued and use a baton. Such a
device may only be used when circumstances dictate the need for such a
device. In the UOF report, staff must articulate the facts and
circumstances that necessitated baton use.
iv. Impact Weapons - Less-Lethal Munitions (Kinetics)
Only trained staff may be issued and use less-lethal munitions. Less-
lethal munitions may only be used when circumstances warrant the need
for such munitions. In the UOF report, staff must articulate the facts and
circumstances that necessitated less-lethal munition use.
b. Training and Certification
At a minimum, all staff authorized to carry less-lethal devices other than OC,
must receive training and certification, for each department-issued device,
on an annual basis. In addition, these staff must attend annual training and
receive certification on arrest technique procedures.
10. Use of Department Issued Firearms
a. Staff are authorized to use firearms in the performance of their official duties
under the following circumstances:
i. When the staff member reasonably believes that the subject poses an
imminent danger and has the ability, means, and opportunity to cause
death or great bodily harm to the staff member or another person.
ii. To prevent an escape from a secure facility when there appears to be no
other alternative to prevent the escape.
iii. To suppress a riot when the staff has reason to believe that the subject
poses an imminent risk of escape, death, or great bodily harm to another
person.
iv. To prevent or stop extensive damage to property if the staff has reason
to believe that the damage could directly lead to escape, loss of life, or
great bodily harm.
b. Firearm Prohibitions
i. Staff must not fire warning shots.
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ii. Staff must not fire from a moving vehicle.
iii. Staff must not fire at a moving vehicle unless there is imminent danger of
death or serious physical injury to staff and others, and there are no
other means available to avert or eliminate the threat. Firearms may not
be fired solely for the purpose of disabling a moving vehicle.
iv. Staff must not fire at an aircraft or drone in flight.
11. Use of Force Equipment
a. Only department-issued UOF equipment may be carried while on-duty. All
UOF equipment must be purchased and issued by the department and must
be maintained in good working condition.
b. Upon resigning, terminating employment, or transferring, staff must return
all UOF equipment issued to them to the supervisor in charge.
c. In the event UOF equipment is lost or stolen, the staff member must
immediately file a report with the law enforcement agency of jurisdiction.
The staff member must immediately report the incident to their supervisor in
writing.
12. Lethal Force Incident/Officer Involved Shooting (OIS) Protocol
a. Lethal force may only be used when a staff member reasonably believes that
a subject poses an imminent risk of, and possesses the ability, means, and
opportunity to cause death, or injury likely to cause the death of a staff
member or other person.
b. All lethal force incidents will be investigated by the Critical Incident Task
Force (CITF) in areas where IDOC has a CITF Agreement in place, or local,
and/or State law enforcement. IDOC’s SIU will conduct a separate
administrative investigation. All staff involved in a lethal UOF must
cooperate fully with any related investigation.
c. Staff Responsibilities
Any staff member involved in the lethal force incident must do the following:
i. Immediately obtain medical assistance (if needed) for any person involved
who complains of or appears to be injured.
ii. If a lethal force incident occurs in a community setting, immediately notify
local emergency dispatch of the incident and location.
iii. Notify their supervisor of the use of lethal force. Any supervisor notified
of a lethal force incident must immediately notify the facility head or
district manager, who must then immediately notify the division chief,
who will immediately notify the IDOC director and deputy director(s).
iv. Protect and secure the scene until the arrival of the on-scene supervisor
and/or independent law enforcement agency conducting the
investigation.
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1) Limit access to the scene to those whose presence is needed for
medical or investigative purposes. Secure scene perimeter with
barrier tape, if available, and establish an ingress/egress point and a
crime scene log.
2) Ensure that no evidence is removed from the scene or disturbed in any
way without approval by the CITF supervisor, or investigating agency,
unless removal is necessary for public safety or to preserve the
evidence.
3) When capable, the staff member should holster or otherwise secure
their own weapon that was used, without altering the weapon. It
should remain undisturbed until the weapon is collected.
4) Loose weapons or instruments that belong to the subject or the
involved officer(s) must be left in place if the scene is secure and it is
possible to place a guard on the weapon. If the scene is not secure,
safeguard the items, but do not alter them. Alteration includes
“making a weapon safe”; this must not be done unless it is impossible
to safeguard the weapon in any other way. Notify the supervisor upon
their arrival of the location of all weapons and any alterations made to
them.
5) When possible, involved officers should digitally record dying
declarations, spontaneous statements, contemporaneous statements,
or statements of then existing or previous mental or physical states.
6) Maintain proper evidence keeping and recording procedures at all
times (see SOP 116.02.01.001, Custody of Evidence; SOP
116.04.02.000, Custody of Evidence: Community Corrections; and
SOP 153.01.01.001, Body-Worn Camera Systems).
v. Brief the first arriving supervisor of the nature of the incident and actions
taken. Identify involved staff, assisting staff, and witnesses. Advise them
of the need for future law enforcement action or activity.
vi. Upon request, surrender all weapons (including backup weapons) or
equipment used in the incident or in the staff member’s possession at the
time of the incident.
vii. Aside from the information that must be provided to the supervisor, an
involved staff member must avoid discussing the incident with anyone
until interviewed by the assigned CITF investigator (or state/local
investigator if there is no CITF presence), except:
1) When briefing the responding supervisor; and/or
2) When speaking with a clergymen, psychologist, or legal counsel in
one-on-one sessions.
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3) No involved officer will participate in any group debriefings or group
therapy sessions until the formal interview with CITF/assigned
investigator is complete.
viii. Complete a Use of Force Report and submit it to their immediate
supervisor. This may be delayed until interviewed by the law
enforcement agency assigned to the investigation.
ix. Cooperate fully with the CITF, local, and/or State law enforcement
agency conducting the lethal force investigation. Cooperate with staff
conducting the administrative investigation.
d. On-Scene Supervisor
The on-scene supervisor must do the following:
i. Care for involved staff.
ii. Coordinate aid and medical care for any person involved in the lethal force
incident.
iii. Confirm the scene is secure and ensure it remains secure.
iv. Contact the facility shift commander, CRC manager, or district manager.
The facility shift commander must immediately contact the facility head.
v. Account for all involved staff and equipment.
vi. Provide detailed information to complete both a 105 Incident Notification
Report and a Use of Force Report.
e. Facility Head/District Manager Responsibilities
The facility head or district manager must do the following:
i. Contact the division chief or deputy chief.
ii. Respond to the scene (if feasible).
iii. Address the concerns of all staff involved.
iv. If not already in route to or present on scene, identify the lead
investigating law enforcement agency and make contact.
v. Refer lead investigating law enforcement agency to the IDOC SIU, who
will be the liaison for the case and conduct an administrative
investigation into the use of force.
vi. Assign a point of contact to handle all staff inquiries.
vii. All media inquiries are to be referred to the IDOC public information
officer who will coordinate with the CITF and/or local/State law
enforcement agencies.
f. Division Chief or Deputy Chief Responsibilities
i. Contact the director and deputy director of IDOC.
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ii. Contact the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) Team
representative to begin critical incident stress defusing and debriefing.
iii. Address the concerns of involved staff and their family members.
g. What OIS Staff Member Can Expect
Any staff involved in the lethal force incident can expect:
i. To surrender the weapon(s) or implements used during the critical incident
to the lead investigating law enforcement agency.
ii. Clothes and UOF gear may need to be surrendered as well.
iii. That a new weapon will be provided, and that the officer will need to
qualify with the new weapon at the earliest opportunity.
iv. To brief the on-scene supervisor. The questions should be limited to:
1) The type of force used by the staff member and subject(s).
2) The direction and approximate number of shots fired by the staff
member and subject(s).
3) The number and location of any injured person(s).
4) The description of any fleeing subject, the mode and direction of
travel, time elapsed since they fled, and any weapons that were
available to them.
5) The description and location of any known persons requiring medical
attention.
6) The description and location of any known witnesses.
7) The description and location of any known evidence.
8) Any additional information that would help ensure the safety of
pursuing staff, officers, and the public, and assist in apprehension of
any subject(s).
v. Involved staff member(s) will be separated and interviewed by CITF staff
or other assigned investigators. It is not uncommon for hotels or other
locations with a variety of rooms to be utilized during the process.
vi. After the initial interview a follow-up interview will be scheduled.
vii. Involved staff members can expect to be driven home after the initial
interview.
viii. The criminal and administrative investigations will take 6-18 months to
conclude.
ix. Involved staff member(s) have the right to consult with legal counsel
before making any statements.
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1) Staff member(s) who are members of the Fraternal Order of Police
(FOP) will have access to the FOP attorney or may seek legal counsel
of their own choosing, at their own expense.
2) Staff member(s) who are not members of FOP have the option of:
a) Being provided with an IDOC selected attorney not associated with
the Deputy Attorney General’s Office, for the sole purpose of
protecting the staff member’(s) rights during the initial and follow-
up criminal investigation interview. IDOC will cover the expense of
legal counsel for the initial and follow-up interview, unless or until
it is determined that the staff member did not act within the
course and scope of their duties. If it is determined the staff
member did not act within the course and scope of their duties,
they will be responsible for the cost of the attorney.
b) Seeking legal counsel of their own choosing, at their own expense.
x. To be required to submit to a drug test. This may or may not happen
depending on the investigating agency. An involved staff member has the
ability to request a drug test if they wish.
xi. To be placed on administrative leave with pay (ADT). This may last for a
week or longer depending on the situation.
xii. To be required to complete a post-crisis psychological closure process
(i.e., critical incident stress debriefing or mandatory Employee Assistance
Program (EAP) referral). This is not a fitness for duty test requirement.
Instead, it is to ensure the officer feels mentally capable of resuming
employment duties.
xiii. To have frequent contact from leadership or a designee such as an HR
representative or IDOC’s Staff Wellness Coordinator for a period of time.
This is to ensure involved officers avoid the feeling of being isolated or
alone, and the frequency will be determined by needs of the officers
involved.
xiv. To be provided with wellness/mental health options or referrals.
13. Duty to Intervene
During the course of their duties, a staff member must intervene in and notify
their supervisor if they witness any staff member or member of another law
enforcement agency engage in an unreasonable UOF, or if they become aware
of any violation of departmental policy, state or federal law, or local ordinance
regarding a use of force.
a. Security staff must intervene by taking all necessary actions, including, but
not limited to:
i. Using verbal persuasion and/or commands.
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ii. Moving between and separating the staff member or law enforcement
officer and the subject.
iii. Physically restraining the staff member or law enforcement officer.
b. Non-security staff may intervene verbally but should not attempt physical
intervention.
c. Any required intervention or knowledge of misconduct must be reported to a
supervisor by the staff member as soon as is safely possible, but no later
than the end of shift.
14. Reporting Use of Force Incidents
Use of force reports should be comprehensive and address only what the officer
knew, observed, or believed at the time of the incident. Any facts or information
obtained after the incident should not be included in the initial use of force
report but should instead be documented in a supplemental report.
a. In a facility setting, use of force incidents require implementing the Incident
Command System (ICS) immediately.
b. District staff must notify their immediate supervisor of any category 1 UOF at
their earliest convenience, but no later than the end of their shift.
c. District staff must notify their supervisor as soon as possible following all
category 2 and category 3 UOF incidents, but no later than the end of their
shift.
d. Involved staff and supervising staff must complete a Use of Force Report
following a UOF. Supervising staff must complete a 105 Incident Notification
Report following a UOF.
e. Staff may watch video (e.g., body-worn camera, security footage) of the
incident prior to writing their reports.
f. Staff must articulate the details of the incident, identify the type of force
used, explain why it was used, and describe the need for continued use of
force. Example, each cycle of an ECW, round fired from a weapon after initial
use, or each strike of force.
g. Staff must complete and submit the Use of Force Report to their supervisor
prior to the end of their shift.
h. The following additional procedures apply:
i. Each staff member who uses force must submit a separate written Use of
Force Report. The staff must articulate, in specific detail, the facts and
circumstances surrounding the force used.
ii. Any staff member who witnessed a UOF must advise their supervisor and
submit an information report.
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iii. If staff used force on more than one subject during the incident, they
must complete a separate Use of Force Report for each subject. The
exception is in a facility setting where multiple uses of force occur during
a single incident that results in a criminal investigation. Example: a group
disruption.
iv. If a staff member is unable to complete the report due to injury or illness,
the staff member must complete the report as soon as possible.
v. Each Use of Force Report must be reviewed by the supervisor.
i. All Use of Force Reports must specify the actions of the subject that
necessitated the use of force, the level of resistance encountered, as well as
any subject or staff complaints of injury, medical treatment received, or
refusal of medical treatment.
j. If the subject is transported by other IDOC staff, another law enforcement
agency, or emergency medical services, staff must notify the transporting
individuals that force was used on the subject and/or any complaints of
injury or pain.
k. Any staff who engages in or witnesses a UOF but fails to notify a supervisor
or complete the report as outlined by this policy, is subject to disciplinary
action up to and including termination.
15. Supervisor Administrative Review of Use of Force Incidents
a. The Department must conduct a thorough, fair, timely and objective review
of any use of force, including ensuring that staff provide a complete and
accurate account of the facts surrounding the use of force.
b. The review should identify any policy, operations, equipment, training, staff-
safety, and accountability concerns.
i. All uses of force will be reviewed by the appropriate supervisor and
documented on the Use of Force Administrative Review form with all
requisite steps being performed.
ii. Category 2 uses of force will also be reviewed by the facility head/district
manager and the deputy division chief. Both levels of review will be
documented on the Use of Force Administrative Review form. Division
leadership or the director’s office may also refer a Category 2 use of force
for Serious Incident Review.
iii. Category 3 uses of force will also be reviewed by the Force Review Board.
16. Force Review Board
a. The Force Review Board (FRB) operates in a risk management context to
improve the department’s response to critical incidents, to make
modifications to the agency’s practice or procedure, and to ensure proper
training of staff that will help avoid identified problems in the future.
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b. The FRB will consist of:
i. Deputy director,
ii. Chief of Probation & Parole.
iii. Chief of Prisons.
iv. SIU chief investigator.
v. A UOF subject matter expert who has knowledge of current best practices
and standards, such as a current or past UOF instructor or a UOF subject
matter expert identified by the deputy director.
vi. A firearms subject matter expert (if applicable) who has knowledge of
current best practices and standards, such as a current or past firearms
instructor, or an internal/external expert identified by the deputy
director.
vii. An instructor from Training & Development responsible for providing UOF
training.
viii. IDOC legal counsel.
c. The FRB will convene within 30 days after the conclusion of any internal
administrative investigation and/or the external OIS investigation. The FRB
will review the UOF documentation, assess compliance with policy and
procedures, and make recommendations on policy and procedure,
operations, training, equipment, disciplinary action, or commendations
needed, or related matters within 15 days of the UOF review.
d. At the conclusion of the review, the FRB will document their findings on the
Force Review Board Findings and forward the document to the appropriate
division chief and Human Resources (if necessary) for follow up actions
needed and retention purposes. The division chief has the responsibility of
disseminating findings from the FRB to all managers within their division,
and reporting the findings to the Core Leadership Team. The FRB will fulfill
the role of a Serious Incident Review panel.
17. Use of Force Requirements for Probation and Parole
a. Operations Involving Law Enforcement and Special Operations Units
In the course and scope of their duties, department staff may be assigned,
asked, or required to operate in close cooperation with law enforcement and
special operations units. Law enforcement and special operations units
undergo intense, highly specialized training that is above and beyond the
operational training and ability of department staff. As a result, department
staff may assist law enforcement and special operations units but only to the
level of authority, training, and experience the specific staff member has
(e.g., warrant/search authority). In general, staff must maintain perimeter
or outside support status until entry has been made and the residence or
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building is declared secure by the law enforcement or special operations unit
team leader.
b. Operations Presenting Imminent Risk
Upon occasion, in the course and scope of their duties, PPOs may encounter
a situation that presents an imminent danger to staff, clients, or other
persons. Imminent danger involves exigent circumstances created by a set
of facts that reveal a compelling need to take immediate action. Before
acting on imminent danger, the department staff member must have an
articulable reason that the totality of the circumstances establish an
immediate risk of great bodily harm or a threat or danger to life of staff,
clients, or other persons and local law enforcement is not present and
available or able to provide an immediate tactical response. In these limited
situations, where the PPO has an articulable concern for the life of staff,
client(s) or others, departmental staff may take appropriate steps to meet
and reduce the identified risk , including making a forced entry into a client’s
residence or other physical premises to preserve life or mitigate harm (e.g.,
a subject is observed through a window to be choking, or suffering from a
suspected overdose).
18. Use of Force Requirements for Prisons
a. Reactive Use of Force
If a reactive use of force action is necessary, use the following steps:
Functional Roles
and Responsibilities Step Tasks
Staff Member 1 If practical, before force is used, give the resident
verbal instructions to comply.
Staff Member
2
If the resident complies with the verbal
instructions, do not use force as long as the
resident continues to comply and allows
restraints to be applied, if required.
3
If the resident refuses to comply, only apply the
type and amount of force needed to gain and
maintain control of the resident.
Staff Member 4
When it is safe to do so, provide verbal
notification of the use of force to the shift
commander.
Complete Use of Force Report before the end of
shift and submit to the shift commander.
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Functional Roles
and Responsibilities Step Tasks
Shift Commander 5
If it appears a crime or serious IDOC rule
violation has occurred, secure the area as a crime
scene, and contact the appropriate law
enforcement agency and IDOC investigative
authority.
Shift Commander 6
1. Visually check the resident before the end of
shift.
2. Ensure that medical staff checks the resident.
3. Brief the facility head or facility duty officer
about the use of force action.
Shift Commander 7
Before the end of shift:
1. Complete a 105 Incident Notification Report.
2. Ensure that all staff members involved in the
force incident complete a Use of Force Report.
3. Ensure staff members who witnessed the use
of force incident complete Information
Reports.
4. Document the incident in the correctional
management system under C-notes.
5. Review the Use of Force Reports.
6. Complete Use of Force Supervisory Review
Form to include information regarding the
shift commander’s observation of the resident
following the use of force action.
7. Notify the clinician or if no clinician is onsite,
notify the clinical supervisor or on-call clinician
by telephone, giving the resident’s name and
any description of behavior that might be
relevant.
Clinician (or Clinical
Supervisor or On-
call Clinician)
8
If the resident has a mental health diagnosis or
has displayed behavior that warrants follow up,
see the resident within 24 hours of the use of
force incident.
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Functional Roles
and Responsibilities Step Tasks
Shift Commander 9 Forward all use of force documentation to the
shift commander of the next shift.
Shift Commander of
the Next Shift
10
Visually check the resident and complete the
applicable section of the Use of Force
Administrative Review Form
If working:
8-hour schedule, within 9 hours of the UOF
10-hour schedule, within 11 hours of the UOF
12-hour schedule, within 13 hours of the UOF
11 Forward all use of force documentation to a
designated deputy warden
Deputy Warden
12
On the next business day, conduct a face-to-face
interview with the resident and complete the
appropriate section on the Use of Force
Administrative Review Form. At facilities with a
captain position, the deputy warden can delegate
this step to the captain.
13 Forward all use of force documentation to the
facility head.
Facility Head 14
Review the use of force documentation packet
and complete the appropriate section of the Use
of Force Administrative Review Form.
Facility Head 15
Within five business days of receiving the use of
force documentation packet, make copies of all
documentation and forward the entire packet to
the applicable division chief or deputy chief.
Division Chief or
Deputy Chief
16
Within 10 working days of receiving the use of
force documentation packet, review the packet
and request additional information if needed.
17 Provide the facility head with feedback and take
corrective or disciplinary action as needed.
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b. Planned Use of Force
When a situation requires a planned use of force action, the following
requirements must be met:
i. If available, the shift commander must use resources such as skilled staff
to de-escalate the situation.
ii. If the situation and circumstances allow, the shift commander must
personally attempt to de-escalate the situation.
iii. The shift commander must approve any planned use of force action.
iv. Planned use of force actions must be carried out under the direction of a
designated planned-action supervisor.
v. Every planned use of force action must be video recorded, to include a
verbal warning to comply with orders. Video recordings of the action
must include all information provided on the Planned Use of Force
Worksheet and Narrative.
vi. Each planned use of force action must be planned and documented
individually, ensuring one planned use of force action per video
recording. These recordings must be stored securely and maintained for
at least four years. After four years, the deputy attorney general
assigned to the IDOC must be consulted regarding the recording’s
disposal.
vii. In the event a resident complies with verbal orders, force must not be
used as long as the resident continues to cooperate. Staff should
continue with the process until reaching the plan objective. Staff
members who witnessed the situation that required the planned use of
force and the planned-action supervisor must complete Information
Reports – even if force was not used.
viii. In a planned use of force action where lethal force is being considered, if
time and circumstances permit, the shift commander must consult with
the director of the IDOC or the chief of the division of prisons or
designee.
In a planned use of force action, do the following:
Functional Roles
and Responsibilities Step Tasks
Shift Commander 1
Approve a planned use of force action.
If lethal force is being considered, and time and
circumstances permit, also consult with director
of the IDOC or chief of the division of prisons or
designee.
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Functional Roles
and Responsibilities Step Tasks
2 Appoint a planned-action supervisor to directly
supervise the use of force action.
Planned-Action
Supervisor 3
1. Assemble a use of force team.
2. Ensure a video camera is ready for use.
3. Complete Planned Use of Force Worksheet and
Narrative.
4. If the situation and circumstances permit,
review the worksheet with the shift
commander.
Shift Commander 4
1. Review the Planned Use of Force Worksheet
and Narrative and approve or modify it.
2. If time permits, have the planned-action
supervisor and use of force team rehearse the
plan.
3. Give the planned-action supervisor any final
instructions.
Planned-Action
Supervisor 5
1. Ensure the use of force team receives the
proper equipment.
2. If time permits, have the planned-action
supervisor and use of force team rehearse the
plan.
3. Give the planned-action supervisor any final
instructions.
Planned-Action
Supervisor 6
1. Read the approved Planned Use of Force
Worksheet and Narrative while being
videotaped.
2. Instruct members of the use of force team to
remove their helmets and gas masks,
introduce themselves, and describe their roles
or duties while being videotaped.
3. State that the camera will be turned off while
the team relocates to situation area.
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Functional Roles
and Responsibilities Step Tasks
Planned-Action
Supervisor
7
1. Ensure the camera is on and operating
properly once the team reaches the situation
area.
2. Read the planned-action supervisor narrative
(see Planned Use of Force Worksheet and
Narrative)
3. Before force is used, give the resident verbal
instructions to comply.
4. If resident complies with the verbal
instructions, do not use force as long as the
resident continues to comply and allows
restraints to be applied.
5. If the resident refuses to comply, ensure the
use of force team uses only the type and
amount of force needed to gain and maintain
control of the resident in accordance with the
worksheet and this SOP. If the resident stops
resisting and complies with the verbal
instructions, stop the application of force,
except completing the application of
restraints.
6. Ensure that medical staff checks the resident.
7. Provide an opportunity for the resident to
make a statement on video before ending the
video recording.
8
1. Provide verbal notification to the shift
commander that the goal has been
accomplished.
2. Forward the Planned Use of Force Worksheet
and Narrative to the shift commander.
Planned-Action
Supervisor 9
Before the end of shift:
1. Ensure that all team members involved in the
planned use of force action, complete a Use of
Force Report.
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Functional Roles
and Responsibilities Step Tasks
2. Ensure staff members who witnessed the use
of force situation complete Information
Reports.
3. Debrief with the team.
4. Complete Use of Force Supervisor Report.
5. Collect the video tape, Use of Force Reports,
and Information Reports.
6. Forward all of the Use of Force Reports,
Information Reports, the video, the Use of
Force Supervisor Report, and the Planned Use
of Force Worksheet and Narrative to the shift
commander.
7. Document the incident or use of force action
in the resident management system under C-
notes.
Shift Commander
10
If it appears a crime or serious IDOC rule
violation has occurred, secure the area as a crime
scene, and contact the appropriate law
enforcement agency and IDOC investigative
authority.
11 Before the end of shift, complete a 105 Incident
Notification Report.
Shift Commander 12
1. Visually check the resident before the end of
shift.
2. Contact the facility head or facility duty officer
about the use of force action.
3. Ensure that the planned-action supervisor
completes use of force documentation.
Shift Commander 13
1. Review all documentation provided by
Planned-Action Supervisor.
2. Complete Use of Force Administrative Review
Form to include information regarding the
shift commander’s observation of the resident
following the use of force action.
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Functional Roles
and Responsibilities Step Tasks
3. Notify the clinician or if no clinician is onsite,
notify the clinical supervisor or on-call clinician
by telephone, giving the resident’s name and
any description of behavior that might be
relevant.
Clinician (or Clinical
Supervisor or On-
call Clinician)
14
If the resident has a mental health diagnosis or
has displayed behavior that warrants follow up,
see the resident within 24 hours of the use of
force action.
Shift Commander 15 Forward all use of force documentation to the
shift commander of the next shift.
Shift Commander of
the Next Shift
16
Visually check the resident and complete the
applicable section of the Use of Force
Administrative Review Form
If working:
8-hour schedule, within 9 hours of the UOF
10-hour schedule, within 11 hours of the UOF
12-hour schedule, within 13 hours of the UOF
17
Forward all use of force documentation to a
designated deputy warden (or second in
command).
Deputy Warden
18
On the next business day, conduct a face-to-face
interview with the resident and complete the
appropriate section on the Use of Force
Administrative Review Form. At facilities with a
captain position, the deputy warden can delegate
this step to the captain.
19 Forward all use of force documentation to the
facility head.
Facility Head 20
Review the use of force documentation and
complete the appropriate section of the Use of
Force Administrative Review Form.
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c. Medical Attention
i. Following all use of force actions, medical staff must examine and provide
necessary medical care to residents and emergency medical care to staff.
ii. Residents must be under constant supervision until examined by medical
staff. Medical staff must submit an Information Report before going off-
shift.
iii. If a staff member sustains an injury, the staff member must be treated
by the facility medical staff or sent to a local emergency room for care.
H. REFERENCES
1. Forms
a. 105 Incident Notification Report (E-form / Word)
b. Force Review Board Report
c. Planned Use of Force Supervisory Review
d. Planned Use of Force Worksheet and Narrative
e. Use of Force- P&P Administrative Review
f. Use of Force- Prisons Administrative Review
g. Use of Force Report
2. Cited Documents
a. SOP 116.02.01.001, Custody of Evidence
b. SOP 116.04.02.000, Custody of Evidence: Community Corrections
c. SOP 125.001, Serious Incident Reviews
d. SOP 153.01.01.001, Body-Worn Camera Systems
Functional Roles
and Responsibilities Step Tasks
21
Within five business days of receiving the use of
force documentation, make copies of all
documentation and forward the entire packet to
the applicable division chief or deputy chief.
Division Chief or
Deputy Chief
22
Within 10 working days of receiving the use of
force documentation packet, review and request
additional information if needed.
23 Provide the facility head with feedback and take
corrective or disciplinary action as needed.
Control
Number:
109.001
2
Title:
Use of Force
Page
Number:
31 of 31
Idaho Department of Correction
e. SOP 205.07.01.001, Corrective and Disciplinary Action
3. Other Significant Documents
a. SOP 105.001, Reporting of Major Incidents
b. SOP 152.002, Firearms
– End of Document –